Assessment of patient entrance surface and effective dose in the skull and thoraco-lumbar X-ray examinations
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Mohannad Adel Sayah 1 * , Ahmed Abukonna 2 3 * , Mohammed Abdalla Hussein 4 , Marwan Alshipli 5 , Ibrahim G Abdelrhman 1 6
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1 Department of Radiography, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, P.C71111, P.B(20), JORDAN2 Faculty of Medical Radiological Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, SUDAN3 Liwa College, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, UAE4 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, October 6 University, October 6 City, EGYPT5 Department of Medical Imaging and Radiography, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, JORDAN6 Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, October 6 University, October 6 City, EGYPT* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Purpose: The review effort throughout the states was needed by the major concern of increased risk of cancer due to radiation exposure in patients during routine X-ray. This study aims to assess the patient entrance surface dosage during X-ray examinations of the skull and thoraco-lumbar spine.
Materials and methods: Using a CALDOSE software tool, the dosage received by 146 individuals was assessed based on many technical criteria, including the source-to-image receptor distance, photon quantity by mill ampere second, and photon energy by kilo volt peak.
Results: The average entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) is 0.52 for the skull and 0.77 for the thoracic spine. The typical value of the incident air kerma (INAK) is 0.47 for the skull and 0.58 for the thoracic lumbar region.
Conclusions: ESAK and INAK are quite effective for comparing the thoracic spine to the cranium. ESAK and INAK can offer data on dosage reduction that should be utilized in the optimization of skull and thoraco-lumbar X-ray examinations.

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Original Article

ELECTRON J GEN MED, Volume 22, Issue 3, June 2025, Article No: em649

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/16262

Publication date: 01 May 2025

Online publication date: 09 Apr 2025

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Article Downloads: 103

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